Rainbow Shark (Epalzeorhynchos frenatum) in a freshwater aquarium
Intermediate careSemi-aggressiveSchool of 6+Asia

Rainbow Shark

Epalzeorhynchos frenatum

The Rainbow Shark (Epalzeorhynchos frenatum) is a semi-aggressive fish that's a good step up once you have a little experience. Give it a tank of at least 120 litres (32 US gallons), water held at 68-79°F, and a pH of 6-7.8. Always keep a group of at least 6 - they feel safest in numbers.

Care levelIntermediate
TemperamentSemi-aggressive
Min tank size32 US gal
pH range6-7.8
Temperature68-79°F
Max size5.9 in (15.0 cm)
Captive lifespan8-12 years
SchoolingYes · 6+ recommended
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Captive lifespan reflects typical experience in a home aquarium, not maximum recorded age; genetics, sourcing, and care vary.

Natural distribution

Asia

  • East & Southeast Asia

Regional colours match the stocking calculator's origin map.

Rainbow Shark Tank Setup

Treat 120 litres (32 US gallons) as a starting point - big predators need length, strong filtration, and a secure lid. Hold the water at 68-79°F and pH 6-7.8, and assume anything small enough to swallow will eventually be eaten. Always keep a group of at least 6 of their own kind - kept alone or in pairs they tend to turn shy, nippy, or wash out in colour. They reach about 15 cm as adults, so don't be misled by the small juveniles sold in stores.

What Do Rainbow Sharks Eat?

They're not fussy eaters - feed a varied diet, rotating good-quality dry, frozen, and gel foods rather than the same thing every day, and match the food size to their mouths.

Rainbow Shark Tank Mates

Keep in groups of at least 6. May nip fins; avoid with long-finned or slow tankmates. The Rainbow Shark is semi-aggressive, which is the first thing to weigh up when you choose tank mates. It's a known fin-nipper, so avoid bettas, guppies, and other slow, long-finned fish. It's a shoaling fish, so settle a group of 6 or more of its own kind before adding anything else - a stressed, lonely fish is far more likely to nip or hide. Before you buy, run your full stocking list through our stocking calculator. It weighs temperament, adult size, and water needs together, which a single species page can't do on its own.

Are Rainbow Sharks Good for Beginners?

Doable once you test water regularly and catch problems before fish look sick. If this is your first tank, pick something more forgiving and come back later.

Rainbow Shark - frequently asked questions

What size tank do Rainbow Sharks need?

Rainbow Sharks need a tank of at least 120 litres (32 US gallons). A bigger tank is always easier to keep stable, and gives them more room to settle in and behave naturally.

How many Rainbow Sharks should I keep together?

Keep a group of at least 6. Rainbow Sharks are a shoaling species and become stressed, lose their colour, or hide when kept singly or in pairs.

What water parameters do Rainbow Sharks need?

Keep them at 68-79°F with a pH of 6-7.8, steady rather than chased to an exact figure. In a cycled tank, ammonia and nitrite should both read 0 ppm, with nitrate kept low through regular water changes.

What do Rainbow Sharks eat?

Rainbow Sharks are omnivores and aren't fussy eaters. Feed a varied mix of good-quality dry, frozen, and gel foods, and match the food size to their mouths. Feed small amounts once or twice a day, and remove anything they don't eat.

Are Rainbow Sharks good for beginners?

Rainbow Sharks are best for keepers with a little experience. They are manageable once you test water regularly and catch problems early; a complete beginner may prefer something more forgiving first.

Common mistakes with Rainbow Sharks

  • Buying fewer than 6 - Rainbow Sharks need a proper school to feel secure; isolated individuals hide, fail to colour up, or become stressed.
  • Underestimating tank size - the minimum footprint is 120 litres (32 US gallons); impulse buying into a smaller tank leads to stress and shortened lifespan.
  • Mixing with long-finned fish - Rainbow Sharks will nip at bettas, angelfish, and other fish with flowing fins, causing stress and infection risk.

Building a community? Run the full list through the stocking calculator before you add anything else.

Fish to avoid mixing with Rainbow Sharks

These well-known species are commonly sold alongside this fish but are not recommended tank mates - verify before purchasing.

  • OscarPredator - Oscar will eat or injure smaller tank mates
  • Pea PufferPredator - Pea Puffer will eat or injure smaller tank mates
  • Betta (Male)Predator - Betta (Male) will eat or injure smaller tank mates